1) Name five important books of the 1920s. Three Soldiers, The Sun Also Rises, Main Street, The Great Gatsby, and Elmer Gantry.
2) What was the first "talkie"? How did it change America? The first talkie was The Jazz Singer, which starred Al Jolson in blackface. After that, Hollywood spent millions of dollars to produce movies because the public couldn't get enough of them.
3) Discuss the "Red Scare of 1919". After a bomb exploded outside his home, Attorney General Palmer unleashed the "Red Scare". It was about communism, and using America's fear of foreign people and ideas. Communism was alive and well in Russia, and the American's didn't want that to happen to them, so it was easy to create hysteria with the "Red Scare".
4) What was the 18th amendment? Why was it enacted? How did it go wrong? The 18th amendment was the prohibition amendment. It was supposed to fix social instability and moral decline at the beginning of the 20th century. It was unenforceable, and bootlegging became a profession seen almost everywhere. It presented to the public a better life, but it overlooked things like increased fatalities from the use of rubbing alcohol, the rise of organized crime, and the idea that Americans like their booze.
5) Who were Susan B. Anthony and Alice Paul? They were both feminists pushing for women's rights. Susan B. Anthony co-founded NWSA and lobbied for local reforms in New York. Alice Paul was a Quaker-raised woman who studied in England. She brought back British-style protests for women's rights, which ultimately helped to gain suffrage in the United States.
6) What is important about Henry Ford? How did he change America? He didn't actually invent anything, he just perfected versions of the car and the assembly line. He envisioned a car for the masses. The model-T car revolutionized American life in that it revived the American dream of freedom and the open road.
7) What is important about Charles Lindbergh? How did he symbolize the times? He also invented nothing. He did, however, perfect the design of the Wright Brothers. The air industry was symbolic of the venturesome spirit of the times. He designed The Spirit of St. Louis, which allowed him to become the first man to fly solo over the Atlantic. He symbolized adventure and expansion and, most importantly, freedom.
8) What were "pool operators" and how were they crooked? Men working together in "pools" bought cheap shares of stock, then drove up the prices inside their group. They brought in outside investors and convinced them to buy at artificially inflated prices. Then the outside investor, or the "sucker", was left holding overpriced stock.
9) How were stocks inflated? How did this cause the crash? People were conned into believing that America had hit "good times". People pulled their life savings from banks and put them in stocks and securities. Investors only had to put down 10-20% to buy a stock, and the rest was available from cheap credit. Eventually, people panicked when the prices hit a peak, and they started pulling out. The problem was, they sold their stocks before they could pay back their brokers, so the brokers could not pay back the banks. This is what caused the crash.
10) What was Black Thursday and Black Tuesday? Black Thursday was October 24th, 1929. 13 million shares of stock were sold off. Black Tuesday was October 29th, 1929. Over 16 million shares were sold on that day.
11) What was Hoover's view of Government relief programs? He didn't believe in them. He believed that the government shouldn't get involved in people's business. He believed the economy would fix itself and that people were tough and could just wait out the depression because it was just part of an economic cycle that happened all the time. He thought relief programs were socialist or communist.
12) What was the "Bonus Army"? It was a large group of veterans and their families who had been promised a bonus to be given in 1945. They camped outside the White House and the Capitol to get their money, because they needed it and knew they deserved it. They were attacked by the military and run off with the use of huge force sent by Hoover.
13) What happened during the "Hundred Days"? FDR and the Congress passed many relief and reform pieces of legislation, sometimes without even reading them. They were aimed at making a dent in the problems that the Depression had caused. FDR's attitude was to try anything, and if it didn't work to get rid of it.
14) What was the WPA and what did it do? The WPA was the Work Projects Administration. The WPA was responsible for 10% of the new roads in the US. It also built new hospitals, city halls, courthouses, and schools. They also set up artistic projects that employed thousands of musicians, writers, and artists.
15) What were Roosevelt's FIRESIDE CHATS and why did they become important? Fireside Chats were FDR's way to speak to the American public. They were talks that he gave on the radio. They became important because it was the first time that the people felt the government was speaking directly to them.
Thursday, March 31, 2011
Sunday, March 27, 2011
WWI Questions 5-20
5. They formed alliances for mutual protection. It kept peace and had all the countries of Europe looking out for one another. The more alliances you had the better offense and defense you ended up with.
6. Arthur Zimmermann, the minister of Germany, sent a telegram to Von Eckhardt, the minster of Mexico, saying that if they were to join alliances, Germany would help Mexico get back the lands that the United States took in the Mexican-American War. When information regarding this telegraph showed up in the news paper, people were upset with Germany. This helped bring the United States government into the war.
7. The Sussex Pledge was a promise made in 1916 during World War I by Germany to the United States saying that they had to promise to warn neural ships and passenger vessels before attacking.
8. Woodrow Wilson
9. It allowed the Germans to move hundreds of thousands of troops from the Eastern Front - line of battle - to the Western front of France. The Germans were then able to launch a powerful offense against the Allies.
10. It provided new job opportunities for women and minorities. Many women joined the workforce for the first time. Women were hired for jobs previously held by men. With people migrating it allowed us to expand manufacturing and industrialization to another level.
11. President Woodrow Wilson - Prime Minister David Lloyd Clemenceau of France - and Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando of Italy.
12. He was afraid that American Troops and American Ships might be ordered to any part of the world by nations other than the Unites States.
13. It allowed them to see troops movement and bomb enemy targets. It was an easier way of transportation for not only people but goods, resources, and weaponry.
14. Wilson could then claim that the Allies were fighting a war of democracy against autocracy rule by one person with unlimited power.
15. United States, France, Great Britain, and Italy.
16. Labor Shortage was caused by two main reasons, one being that millions of men left their jobs in industry to serve in the armed forces which left gaps in jobs. There weren't enough industrial workers and not enough people were migrating to fill the empty slots. Another was the high demands for goods and supplies. Industries and manufacturers had a lot of pressure put on them to fulfill the demands needed in the war.
17.
After The War:
a. 27 nations gathered in Paris for a peace conference
b. Europe was destroyed - people were homeless and hungry.
c. Wilson outlined Fourteen Points - proposed a number of principles for conducting international relations.
d. Wilson made the League of Nations
Peace Conference
a. Leaders didn't show enthusiasm for the Fourteen Points
b. Different Countries wanted different things - revenge, payment, etc
c. Not everyone would agree with Wilson's plan
d. The treaty of Versailles was signed - Germany accepted full responsibility for the war and paid for it - the world map was rearranged
e. The League of Nations was included in the Treaty
Opposition at Home
a. Treaty of Versailles to the US Senate - there were doubts
b. People worried about the League of Nations
c. Senate had concerns about the Treaty mainly the League of Nations - big opponent was Henry Cabbot- He didn't want the U.S troops and people taking orders from anyone other than the US.
d. Wilson went on a national speaking tour to gain support
e. Wilson had a stroke
f. All the treaties were rejected
g. The US signed a separate peace treaty with each of the Central Powers.
18. About 50 miles or so.
19. East - towards Belgium
20. France
Friday, February 25, 2011
Chapter 18 Pg 552 #7-23
7. The transcontinental railroad brought many jobs to America, and the wild west. It made it easier and faster to transport goods and people. It boosted the nation's steel industry and coal industry. It also set up new towns along the railroad. It helped construction and agriculture companies flourish. It helped out ranchers and farmers a lot because they were able to transport crops and cattle.
8. The Chisholm trail led from central Texas to Abilene, Kansas.
9. There were buffalo and other game they weren't used to. It was basically unsettled so it wasn't crowded. It was nice and flat for planting crops. Free land was offered by new laws, and the railroad made it easier and cheaper to get there. There was also the promise of gold out west.
10. They were a very large group of African Americans who moved from the south to settle in Kansas, escaping former slave states.
11. It addressed the lack of rain and moisture in the midwest and western states.
12. There was a mass hunting of buffalo by white people for a few years. They did it to feed the railroad workers and so buffalo wouldn't be in the way. This led the buffalo to near extinction.
13. Oklahoma.
14. He was an Indian leader. He was a chief of the Apache. He led raids against white settlers and he kept attacking them. He escaped them multiple times. He ended up being the last chief to surrender to the whites, holding on long past his contemporaries.
15. It offered farmers education, fellowship, and support. It gave them things such as libraries, social gatherings, and cooperatives.
16. They supported shorter work days, free silver, private companies owning the railroad and telegraph lines, limiting presidency and vice presidency to a single term, secret ballots, and electing senators directly, and a national income tax.
17. People set up boomtowns (like Skagway!) near gold fields as a place for miners to live while they searched for gold. They also set up towns along the railroad to run railway stations for gold and goods and people to pass through.
18. The railroad was able to transport cattle to places they wouldn't have been able to go otherwise. This allowed ranchers to be able to make money off of their cattle by selling them to people in places where there wasn't cattle.
19. The banks were charging them astronomical interest on their loans. The price they could sell their crops for was getting lower and lower, but the price they paid for equipment and seeds and things stayed at the same high place. They were consistently going into debt and being unable to get themelves out until they had to sell their farms or go bankrupt.
20.
22. North.
23. They lived in the Arizona territory.
8. The Chisholm trail led from central Texas to Abilene, Kansas.
9. There were buffalo and other game they weren't used to. It was basically unsettled so it wasn't crowded. It was nice and flat for planting crops. Free land was offered by new laws, and the railroad made it easier and cheaper to get there. There was also the promise of gold out west.
10. They were a very large group of African Americans who moved from the south to settle in Kansas, escaping former slave states.
11. It addressed the lack of rain and moisture in the midwest and western states.
12. There was a mass hunting of buffalo by white people for a few years. They did it to feed the railroad workers and so buffalo wouldn't be in the way. This led the buffalo to near extinction.
13. Oklahoma.
14. He was an Indian leader. He was a chief of the Apache. He led raids against white settlers and he kept attacking them. He escaped them multiple times. He ended up being the last chief to surrender to the whites, holding on long past his contemporaries.
15. It offered farmers education, fellowship, and support. It gave them things such as libraries, social gatherings, and cooperatives.
16. They supported shorter work days, free silver, private companies owning the railroad and telegraph lines, limiting presidency and vice presidency to a single term, secret ballots, and electing senators directly, and a national income tax.
17. People set up boomtowns (like Skagway!) near gold fields as a place for miners to live while they searched for gold. They also set up towns along the railroad to run railway stations for gold and goods and people to pass through.
18. The railroad was able to transport cattle to places they wouldn't have been able to go otherwise. This allowed ranchers to be able to make money off of their cattle by selling them to people in places where there wasn't cattle.
19. The banks were charging them astronomical interest on their loans. The price they could sell their crops for was getting lower and lower, but the price they paid for equipment and seeds and things stayed at the same high place. They were consistently going into debt and being unable to get themelves out until they had to sell their farms or go bankrupt.
20.
- The movement of whites onto Native American lands, and the slaughter of buffalo.
- The United States Army attacked Indians a bunch.
- The Reservation Policy forced Indians into small, unfarmable plots of land.
22. North.
23. They lived in the Arizona territory.
Thursday, February 10, 2011
Chapter 16
1. The blockade was an offensive move used by the union.
2. Blockade runners were Confederate ships, and were often ironclad, or covered in iron.
3. There were 4 border states that allowed slavery and remained in the Union.
4. Being drafted was a law that required men between the ages of 18 and 35 to serve in the army for three years, and Habeas Corpus was a law that guaranteed accused individuals the right to a hearing before being jailed.
5. 1861-1865
2. Blockade runners were Confederate ships, and were often ironclad, or covered in iron.
3. There were 4 border states that allowed slavery and remained in the Union.
4. Being drafted was a law that required men between the ages of 18 and 35 to serve in the army for three years, and Habeas Corpus was a law that guaranteed accused individuals the right to a hearing before being jailed.
5. 1861-1865
6. The Confederates had strong support from their people, leadership, and a home-field advantage.
7. Confederates- Jefferson Davis Union- Abraham Lincoln
8. Clara Barton was U.S. patent office clerk who collected provisions for the union army. In 1862 she delivered food right to the frontlines and helped the wounded and dying. Delivered much needed medical supplies. Showed courage and organized the Red Cross.
9. Prevents them from getting supplies.
10. The Union won and it was their first big win which became a huge turning point for the war.
11. "..All persons held as slaves within any state...in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.." It was a decision to free all enslaved African Americans in the south. It applied only to areas that the confederact controlled, but it didn't actually free anyone. However, he hoped that knowledge of it would encourage them to run away from their slave holders.
12. In the south slaves worked on plantations and in mines while the white men were off fighting in the war. They weren't allowed to be enlisted into the war at first because of the fear of arming them and having them rebel. Later on however they were able to join the ranks of the rest of the southerners. The Northern slaves were able to enlist a lot earlier than those in the South which gave them an upper hand.
13. Most of the war was fought in the South which the southerners used a lot of the resources they had. Their lands and farms were destroyed, railroads were torn up, people lost their homes, and goods were a lot harder to obtain.
14. They were free to go home if Confederate soldiers were to lay down their arms.
15. They disagreed with Virginia's secession from the Union so in 1861, 48 counties organized the state of West Virginia who decided to stay part of the Union.
16. The North wanted to control the river because it would split the Confederacy and make it weaker. It would also restricted them from getting or sending supplies. The South wanted to keep control of the Mississippi River so the flow of supplies back and forth across the river was their advantage.
17. Just like the North and South, African Americans had reasons for fighting in the war and that was freedom. The Civil War had a lot of casualties and so the more people you had on your side the better chances you had of winning.
18. General Lee was an unpredictable general who was an amazing strategist. Many people would have thought his ideas were crazy but they seemed to work. He respected his men the way he wanted to be respected so they were able to work together and get things done.
19.
Attack on Fort Sumter -- 1861 -- Confederate victory and the official beginning of the Civil War.
Monitor v. Merrimack -- 1862 -- It marked a new age in naval warfare because it was the first battle between two metal- covered ships. Both the Confederates and the Union claimed their victory.
Emancipation Proclamation Act -- 1863 -- It freed millions of slaves. It proved that we were fighting for their freedom.
Lincoln is reelected -- 1864 -- the Emancipation Proclamation Act was the big reason he was reelected. The Confederates weren't too happy about it yet he still won by more than the average votes. This helped the push for the Confederates to join the Union.
Appromattox Court House -- 1865-- The final battle in the Civil War, and Lee was allowed to take his men home as long as they lay down their weapons.
20. Cemetery Ridge
21. Ewell
22. Longstreet, Picket, Lee, Hill, and Ewell
9. Prevents them from getting supplies.
10. The Union won and it was their first big win which became a huge turning point for the war.
11. "..All persons held as slaves within any state...in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.." It was a decision to free all enslaved African Americans in the south. It applied only to areas that the confederact controlled, but it didn't actually free anyone. However, he hoped that knowledge of it would encourage them to run away from their slave holders.
12. In the south slaves worked on plantations and in mines while the white men were off fighting in the war. They weren't allowed to be enlisted into the war at first because of the fear of arming them and having them rebel. Later on however they were able to join the ranks of the rest of the southerners. The Northern slaves were able to enlist a lot earlier than those in the South which gave them an upper hand.
13. Most of the war was fought in the South which the southerners used a lot of the resources they had. Their lands and farms were destroyed, railroads were torn up, people lost their homes, and goods were a lot harder to obtain.
14. They were free to go home if Confederate soldiers were to lay down their arms.
15. They disagreed with Virginia's secession from the Union so in 1861, 48 counties organized the state of West Virginia who decided to stay part of the Union.
16. The North wanted to control the river because it would split the Confederacy and make it weaker. It would also restricted them from getting or sending supplies. The South wanted to keep control of the Mississippi River so the flow of supplies back and forth across the river was their advantage.
17. Just like the North and South, African Americans had reasons for fighting in the war and that was freedom. The Civil War had a lot of casualties and so the more people you had on your side the better chances you had of winning.
18. General Lee was an unpredictable general who was an amazing strategist. Many people would have thought his ideas were crazy but they seemed to work. He respected his men the way he wanted to be respected so they were able to work together and get things done.
19.
Attack on Fort Sumter -- 1861 -- Confederate victory and the official beginning of the Civil War.
Monitor v. Merrimack -- 1862 -- It marked a new age in naval warfare because it was the first battle between two metal- covered ships. Both the Confederates and the Union claimed their victory.
Emancipation Proclamation Act -- 1863 -- It freed millions of slaves. It proved that we were fighting for their freedom.
Lincoln is reelected -- 1864 -- the Emancipation Proclamation Act was the big reason he was reelected. The Confederates weren't too happy about it yet he still won by more than the average votes. This helped the push for the Confederates to join the Union.
Appromattox Court House -- 1865-- The final battle in the Civil War, and Lee was allowed to take his men home as long as they lay down their weapons.
20. Cemetery Ridge
21. Ewell
22. Longstreet, Picket, Lee, Hill, and Ewell
Thursday, January 6, 2011
Chapter 12
Chapter 12
2) The Oregon Territory consisted of what area? Who claimed it? Oregon, Washington, Idaho, parts of Montana and Wyoming, half of British Columbia. Four nations owned it: US, Great Britain, Spain, and Russia.
3) Who were the Mountain Men? American adventurers who spent most of their time in the Rocky Mountains and helped with the fur trade. Some worked for specific companies while others sold their furs to the highest bidder. Some of them married Native women and adopted Native ways, creating a mixed race.
4) Why was the Oregon Trail important? It was the only way to achieve Manifest Destiny. It was the trail to the American Dream. It allowed us to fulfill our 'duty from God' to go west, populate the country, and spread freedom.
5) Discuss the meaning behind the slogan "Fifty-Four Forty or Fight"? It refers to the line of latitude that Democrats believed should be the nation's northern border in Oregon, which was a campaign slogan used during the 1844 election. The border was eventually settled at latitude 49.
6) James Polk made what promises to the American public during the election of 1844 (list four - you might need to look up on the internet). He made four promises during his campaign: to acquire California from Mexico, to settle the Oregon dispute, to lower the tariff and create a sub-treasury, and to not run for a second term.
7) Discuss how Texas became independent. In 1819 the US gave up claims to Texas with the Adams-Onis Treaty. Very few people lived in Texas. In 1830 the Mexican government stopped all immigration to Texas from the United States, and US Texans were very angry. Santa Anna, Mexican President, declared himself a dictator. The US Texans banded together with volunteers and they fought. And they liberated San Antonio. During the Alamo, American settlers and the Tejanos declared independence and started to write a Declaration and Constitution.
8) Discuss the battles of The Alamo and San Jacinto. Santa Anna marched forth to take back San Antonio, and found the Texans barricaded inside The Alamo Mission. It was poor leadership and a few men against Santa Anna's army of several thousand. The Alamo defenders help Santa Anna's army away against 2 attacks. Later, Mexicans launched an all-out attack while the Texans defended nobly, but the Mexicans were just too numerous to be defeated. San Jacinto was between Houston and Santa Anna. Houston had about 900 in his army, while Santa Anna had about 1300. Houston's army killed about half of Santa Anna's army, and captured the rest including Santa Anna. A few days later, Santa Anna recognized the independence of Texas.
9) How long did it take the U.S. to annex Texas? Why? It took the US nine years to annex Texas. Andrew Jackson, president at the time, refused to annex Texas. He did this because the addition of another slave state would upset the balance of free and slave states in Congress. Van Buren after him also didn't want to annex Texas. John Tyler, president after Harrison, finally supported Texas, but it didn't work. Only James K. Polk was finally able to get Texas annexed.
10) How did the Mexican-American War start? Why did it start? Was it a "Just War"? Mexico had control of New Mexico as a condition of it's independence. American traders were welcomed into New Mexico. Americans began settling in New Mexico as it was a hot trade area, but they wanted it for themselves, and California as well. California and New Mexico, meanwhile, began being more and more populated by Mexican peoples. President Polk twice offered to buy California and New Mexico, but Mexico refused, prompting the US to take the territories by force. To begin the war, the US built a fort in disputed border land between Mexico and Texas. This forced Mexico to attack first, making Congress believe that war would be a just retaliation. We think it was technically a just war, because the Mexicans did attack first. However, we believe the spirit of the war was unjust, because we basically forced them to attack first so we would have a reason to declare war.
11) What was the American response to the war? Americans were divided over the war. Democrats generally supported it, while Whigs generally opposed it. Whigs believed that the war was aggressive and unjust, disgraceful and cruel, and demanded to know exact reasons and the beginning of the war. Anti-war feeling grew over time, particularly in the north. This was because they believed that the South would spread slavery into any new states.
12) List the major battles of the war. The battle at Santa Fe was major, because it was the capital of Mexico. Even though there wasn't technically a battle, it still counts. The other major battles were the Bear Flag Revolt, battle of Monterey, battle of San Gabriel, battle of San Pasqual (the only Mexican victory), battle of El Brazito, battle of Sacramento, battle of Monterrey, battle of Buena Vista, battle of Cerro Gordo, and the battle of Mexico City.
13) What was the cost of the war? The war cost America 1,721 men to battle, more than 11,00 men to disease, and almost $100 million. We then paid Mexico an additional $25 million during treaty discussions.
14) Why was the California Gold Rush important? Californian cities, and cities on the way, benefitted from the economic boom. California's population grew greatly, and developed an amazing economy due to boom towns. The gold rush also more than doubled the world's supply of gold, a very valuable commodity at the time. The effect on California's economy lasted a long time after the gold rush ended. The population grew, requiring better government. It urged California to apply for statehood, which it gained about a year later.
15) Answer the following questions on page 380 - #6 - #10, #13-#15.
- 6. They agreed about the northern latitude of Oregon, for ownership purposes. It ended up being on latitude 49.
- 7. He was afraid to disrupt the balance of slave and free states.
- 8. It gave them a direct line to the Pacific Ocean. There were still British people settled in the territories above California.
- 9. The US wanted New Mexico and California, and Mexico refused to sell. The other reason was that the US set up Mexico to attack them (by building a fort) so they could justify a war.
- 10. People found gold and they would use it. They also had a monopoly on the sales because they were the only merchants there.
- 13. It expanded the US west, all the way to the Pacific Ocean.
- 14. They probably thought the US was just greedy and wanted all the land they could get because they were selfish. They wanted to keep their own land in North America.
- 15. The ones between the US and Britain had a favorable outcome for everyone because they came to an agreement. Whereas the ones with the US and Mexico led to war because they couldn't agree.
Wednesday, December 1, 2010
Study Questions For Final Chapter 9
1) Discuss the significance of Thomas Jefferson's quote: "A little rebellion now and then is a good thing...God forbid that we should ever be twenty year without such a rebellion...The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants."
A little rebellion now and then is a good thing and it proves that freedom is limited. He’s one of the main people in the government yet he says it’s alright for people to rebel against sometimes.
2) Why did Shay's Rebellion happen?
It started because the government was excessively taxing the people who couldn’t pay off their debt or pay taxes alone.
3) The constitution is "a political creation, hammered together in a series of artfully negotiated compromises. Discuss these compromises.
The slaves (3/5 compromise), how presidents are elected, and how everyone is represented in congress.
4) What was the Virginia Plan?
The Virginia plan key points were a bicameral (two chamber) legislature; an executive chosen by the legislature; a judiciary also named by the legislature.
5) "No person held in service" was a euphemism for what?
It was a euphemism for slaves.
6) List the basic Powers and Checks of the three branches of the government.
The three branches of government are the Executive, the Legislative, and the Judicial. The Executive branch is basically the President of the United States, whose powers are directing the government, commanding the armed forces, dealing with foreign powers, and vetoing laws. The Legislative branch is the Congress. The powers include passing laws, originating spending bills (House), impeaching officials (Senate), and approving treaties (Senate). The Judicial branch is our justice system which is headed by the Supreme Court. Its powers are interpreting the Constitution, reviewing laws, and deciding states' rights. The Executive branch can check the Legislative by vetoing laws or other decisions made. The Legislative can check the Executive right back by overriding the veto. The Judicial is the giant law enforcement system who can govern the other two branches, but is also subject to laws made by them.
7) Who wrote the Federalist Papers and why did they write them?
Hamilton, Madison, and John Jay. They were trying to influence the ratification debate.
8) Briefly outline the first ten amendments.
Only white wealthy men who owned a certain amount of land were allowed to vote.
10) How did Washington D.C. come be located on the banks of the Potomac?
It was an agreement because they wanted it to be close to Virginia because it was the biggest state.
Jefferson, Madison and Hamilton made the compromise.
11) What did Jay's Treaty do?
It was a treaty to avoid war with the British.
12) What was the "Whiskey Rebellion" and how was it put down?
It was a response to harsh whiskey taxes, and the defeat against it was lead by Washington and 13,000 men. It was pathetic.
13) Describe the election of 1800? How was it finally resolved?
It was supposed to be between Jefferson and Adams but instead it was Jefferson and Burr of the same party. It was resolved because he convinced one of the federalists to change their vote. He hated Burr way more than he did Jefferson.
14) Who was John Marshall?
John Marshall was a judge who shaped American Constitutional law and made the Supreme Court what it is today, he gave it power.
15) Why did France sell its North America possessions (the Louisiana territory) to the U.S.?
They sold it because they were fighting Britain in Europe and other places in the world, so they didn't really have the resources to hold the Louisiana Territory, especially after losing Haiti.
16) What did Lewis and Clark do? Describe their journey?
They started from St. Louis and continued west. They had been sent by Jefferson to get into the fur trade and see if the west could be useful in the military defense of America. They were sent to inventory resources and chart the land for future exploration. It took them three years.
17) How did Hamilton incur the wrath of Aaron Burr? Was he right in what he did? How did the ordeal end?
He argued that Jefferson should win the election, and he did. He also spread rumors about Burr so that he wouldn't become governor of New York. Hamilton was right in arguing for Jefferson, but he crossed the line when he spread rumors about Burr. He had the right to argue for or against whatever candidate he wanted to, but he shouldn't have spread lies. It ended in a duel, because Burr slapped Hamilton with a glove, but Hamilton wasted his shot because he didn't believe in fighting.
18) What was Jefferson's Embargo Act? Why was it unpopular and what was it suppose to do?
It was a law restricting American ships from engaging in foreign trade. It was unpopular because a lot of trade was done with Britain and other major powers, so it lowered the American economy and made it so a large part of their trade was shut down. It was supposed to avoid war, but instead it led to the War of 1812.
19) What did Tecumseh try and do?
He tried to unite the Native Americans from Michigan all the way down to Alabama against the encroaching settlers in order to fight off western expansion.
20) Describe the Battle of Tippecanoe?
It was between U.S. forces and the Native American Confederation. The Natives kept threatening the Americans with war if they didn't back off, and so the Americans attacked first. The Americans won but they has a lot of casualties.
21) Most historians call the War of 1812 a draw. Why?
It wasn't really fought for a purpose. Neither side was passionate about their side or had a big reason to fight. The treaty at the end of the war basically puts things back the way they were, and nobody gains anything from it, at least not anything new.
22) Describe the Battle of New Orleans.
Final major battle of the war of 1812. Regarded as the greatest American land victory of the war. Andrew Jackson defeated the British.
23) What did the Monroe Doctrine state?
The Americas were no longer open to European colonization, and that America would be the only power threat.
24) What was the Missouri Compromise?
The Missouri Compromise said that all states above a certain latitude would remain slave free, except Missouri. All states below the latitude could still own slaves.
25) How was the election of 1824 decided? Why was it called a "corrupt bargain"?
It was decided in the House of Representatives. It was the only election since the passage of the 12th amendment that was decided this way because there was no majority in the electoral college.
26) List some of the labels attached to Andrew Jackson.
Slave owner, murderer, adulterer, orphan, frontiersman, horse racing man, Indian-fighter, war hero, land speculator.
27) Was Andrew Jackson an Indian hater? What did the natives call him? What "Indian Wars" did he fight in and what was the outcome? What was his native "policy" as President?
Andrew Jackson was not an Indian hater, he just wanted land, and the Indians had it. He wasn't the biggest fan of their people, but racism wasn't his driving motivation. He was called 'long knife'. He fought in the Creek War and the white people won that won, removing the Creek from half of their lands. He fought against the Seminoles, which he also won, and Florida's land was sold cheap. He also fought in the war of 1812, which is now considered a draw. His 'policy' as president was to tell the Natives either assimilate, leave, or get killed.
28) How did Jackson come to symbolize the common people?
He worked his way up from being very poor to being extremely rich and in a position of power.
A little rebellion now and then is a good thing and it proves that freedom is limited. He’s one of the main people in the government yet he says it’s alright for people to rebel against sometimes.
2) Why did Shay's Rebellion happen?
It started because the government was excessively taxing the people who couldn’t pay off their debt or pay taxes alone.
3) The constitution is "a political creation, hammered together in a series of artfully negotiated compromises. Discuss these compromises.
The slaves (3/5 compromise), how presidents are elected, and how everyone is represented in congress.
4) What was the Virginia Plan?
The Virginia plan key points were a bicameral (two chamber) legislature; an executive chosen by the legislature; a judiciary also named by the legislature.
5) "No person held in service" was a euphemism for what?
It was a euphemism for slaves.
6) List the basic Powers and Checks of the three branches of the government.
The three branches of government are the Executive, the Legislative, and the Judicial. The Executive branch is basically the President of the United States, whose powers are directing the government, commanding the armed forces, dealing with foreign powers, and vetoing laws. The Legislative branch is the Congress. The powers include passing laws, originating spending bills (House), impeaching officials (Senate), and approving treaties (Senate). The Judicial branch is our justice system which is headed by the Supreme Court. Its powers are interpreting the Constitution, reviewing laws, and deciding states' rights. The Executive branch can check the Legislative by vetoing laws or other decisions made. The Legislative can check the Executive right back by overriding the veto. The Judicial is the giant law enforcement system who can govern the other two branches, but is also subject to laws made by them.
7) Who wrote the Federalist Papers and why did they write them?
Hamilton, Madison, and John Jay. They were trying to influence the ratification debate.
8) Briefly outline the first ten amendments.
- 1. Freedom of speech, religion, and the press, and the freedom peacefully demonstrate.
- 2. Right to form a militia and bear arms in a sovereign state.
- 3. Protection from having to quarter troops.
- 4. Protection of privacy and from unreasonable search/seizure.
- 5. Protects your right to due process, covers double jeopardy and self-incrimination.
- 6. Discusses trial by jury and the rights of the accused, the confrontation clause, and right to a speedy and public trial and right to competent counsel.
- 7. Civil trial by jury
- 8. Prohibits excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment.
- 9. Protects all rights that are not specifically talked about in the Constitution.
- 10. Discusses the power of states and of the people.
Only white wealthy men who owned a certain amount of land were allowed to vote.
10) How did Washington D.C. come be located on the banks of the Potomac?
It was an agreement because they wanted it to be close to Virginia because it was the biggest state.
Jefferson, Madison and Hamilton made the compromise.
11) What did Jay's Treaty do?
It was a treaty to avoid war with the British.
12) What was the "Whiskey Rebellion" and how was it put down?
It was a response to harsh whiskey taxes, and the defeat against it was lead by Washington and 13,000 men. It was pathetic.
13) Describe the election of 1800? How was it finally resolved?
It was supposed to be between Jefferson and Adams but instead it was Jefferson and Burr of the same party. It was resolved because he convinced one of the federalists to change their vote. He hated Burr way more than he did Jefferson.
14) Who was John Marshall?
John Marshall was a judge who shaped American Constitutional law and made the Supreme Court what it is today, he gave it power.
15) Why did France sell its North America possessions (the Louisiana territory) to the U.S.?
They sold it because they were fighting Britain in Europe and other places in the world, so they didn't really have the resources to hold the Louisiana Territory, especially after losing Haiti.
16) What did Lewis and Clark do? Describe their journey?
They started from St. Louis and continued west. They had been sent by Jefferson to get into the fur trade and see if the west could be useful in the military defense of America. They were sent to inventory resources and chart the land for future exploration. It took them three years.
17) How did Hamilton incur the wrath of Aaron Burr? Was he right in what he did? How did the ordeal end?
He argued that Jefferson should win the election, and he did. He also spread rumors about Burr so that he wouldn't become governor of New York. Hamilton was right in arguing for Jefferson, but he crossed the line when he spread rumors about Burr. He had the right to argue for or against whatever candidate he wanted to, but he shouldn't have spread lies. It ended in a duel, because Burr slapped Hamilton with a glove, but Hamilton wasted his shot because he didn't believe in fighting.
18) What was Jefferson's Embargo Act? Why was it unpopular and what was it suppose to do?
It was a law restricting American ships from engaging in foreign trade. It was unpopular because a lot of trade was done with Britain and other major powers, so it lowered the American economy and made it so a large part of their trade was shut down. It was supposed to avoid war, but instead it led to the War of 1812.
19) What did Tecumseh try and do?
He tried to unite the Native Americans from Michigan all the way down to Alabama against the encroaching settlers in order to fight off western expansion.
20) Describe the Battle of Tippecanoe?
It was between U.S. forces and the Native American Confederation. The Natives kept threatening the Americans with war if they didn't back off, and so the Americans attacked first. The Americans won but they has a lot of casualties.
21) Most historians call the War of 1812 a draw. Why?
It wasn't really fought for a purpose. Neither side was passionate about their side or had a big reason to fight. The treaty at the end of the war basically puts things back the way they were, and nobody gains anything from it, at least not anything new.
22) Describe the Battle of New Orleans.
Final major battle of the war of 1812. Regarded as the greatest American land victory of the war. Andrew Jackson defeated the British.
23) What did the Monroe Doctrine state?
The Americas were no longer open to European colonization, and that America would be the only power threat.
24) What was the Missouri Compromise?
The Missouri Compromise said that all states above a certain latitude would remain slave free, except Missouri. All states below the latitude could still own slaves.
25) How was the election of 1824 decided? Why was it called a "corrupt bargain"?
It was decided in the House of Representatives. It was the only election since the passage of the 12th amendment that was decided this way because there was no majority in the electoral college.
26) List some of the labels attached to Andrew Jackson.
Slave owner, murderer, adulterer, orphan, frontiersman, horse racing man, Indian-fighter, war hero, land speculator.
27) Was Andrew Jackson an Indian hater? What did the natives call him? What "Indian Wars" did he fight in and what was the outcome? What was his native "policy" as President?
Andrew Jackson was not an Indian hater, he just wanted land, and the Indians had it. He wasn't the biggest fan of their people, but racism wasn't his driving motivation. He was called 'long knife'. He fought in the Creek War and the white people won that won, removing the Creek from half of their lands. He fought against the Seminoles, which he also won, and Florida's land was sold cheap. He also fought in the war of 1812, which is now considered a draw. His 'policy' as president was to tell the Natives either assimilate, leave, or get killed.
28) How did Jackson come to symbolize the common people?
He worked his way up from being very poor to being extremely rich and in a position of power.
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