WWI Questions 5-20

5. They formed alliances for mutual protection. It kept peace and had all the countries of Europe looking out for one another. The more alliances you had the better offense and defense you ended up with. 

6. Arthur Zimmermann, the minister of Germany, sent a telegram to Von Eckhardt, the minster of Mexico, saying that if they were to join alliances, Germany would help Mexico get back the lands that the United States took in the Mexican-American War. When information regarding this telegraph showed up in the news paper, people were upset with Germany. This helped bring the United States government into the war. 

7. The Sussex Pledge was a promise made in 1916 during World War I by Germany to the United States saying that they had to promise to warn neural ships and passenger vessels before attacking.  

8. Woodrow Wilson 

9. It allowed the Germans to move hundreds of thousands of troops from the Eastern Front - line of battle - to the Western front of France. The Germans were then able to launch a powerful offense against the Allies. 

10. It provided new job opportunities for women and minorities. Many women joined the workforce for the first time. Women were hired for jobs previously held by men. With people migrating it allowed us to expand manufacturing and industrialization to another level. 

11. President Woodrow Wilson - Prime Minister David Lloyd Clemenceau of France - and Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando of Italy. 

12. He was afraid that American Troops and American Ships might be ordered to any part of the world by nations other than the Unites States. 

13. It allowed them to see troops movement and bomb enemy targets. It was an easier way of transportation for not only people but goods, resources, and weaponry. 

14. Wilson could then claim that the Allies were fighting a war of democracy against autocracy rule by one person with unlimited power. 

15. United States, France, Great Britain, and Italy. 

16. Labor Shortage was caused by two main reasons, one being that millions of men left their jobs in industry to serve in the armed forces which left gaps in jobs. There weren't enough industrial workers and not enough people were migrating to fill the empty slots. Another was the high demands for goods and supplies. Industries and manufacturers had a lot of pressure put on them to fulfill the demands needed in the war. 

17. 

After The War: 

      a. 27 nations gathered in Paris for a peace conference

      b. Europe was destroyed - people were homeless and hungry. 

      c. Wilson outlined Fourteen Points - proposed a number of principles for conducting international relations. 

      d. Wilson made the League of Nations 

Peace Conference

     a. Leaders didn't show enthusiasm for the Fourteen Points 

     b. Different Countries wanted different things - revenge, payment, etc 

     c. Not everyone would agree with Wilson's plan 

     d. The treaty of Versailles was signed - Germany accepted full responsibility for the war and paid for it - the                   world map was rearranged 

     e. The League of Nations was included in the Treaty 

Opposition at Home 

     a. Treaty of Versailles to the US Senate - there were doubts 

     b. People worried about the League of Nations 

     c. Senate had concerns about the Treaty mainly the League of Nations - big opponent was Henry Cabbot- He didn't want the U.S troops and people taking orders from anyone other than the US.

     d. Wilson went on a national speaking tour to gain support 

     e. Wilson had a stroke

     f. All the treaties were rejected 

     g. The US signed a separate peace treaty with each of the Central Powers. 

18. About 50 miles or so. 

19. East - towards Belgium 

20. France 

Chapter 18 Pg 552 #7-23

7. The transcontinental railroad brought many jobs to America, and the wild west. It made it easier and faster to transport goods and people. It boosted the nation's steel industry and coal industry. It also set up new towns along the railroad. It helped construction and agriculture companies flourish. It helped out ranchers and farmers a lot because they were able to transport crops and cattle.
8. The Chisholm trail led from central Texas to Abilene, Kansas.
9. There were buffalo and other game they weren't used to. It was basically unsettled so it wasn't crowded. It was nice and flat for planting crops. Free land was offered by new laws, and the railroad made it easier and cheaper to get there. There was also the promise of gold out west.
10. They were a very large group of African Americans who moved from the south to settle in Kansas, escaping former slave states.
11. It addressed the lack of rain and moisture in the midwest and western states.
12. There was a mass hunting of buffalo by white people for a few years. They did it to feed the railroad workers and so buffalo wouldn't be in the way. This led the buffalo to near extinction.
13. Oklahoma.
14. He was an Indian leader. He was a chief of the Apache. He led raids against white settlers and he kept attacking them. He escaped them multiple times. He ended up being the last chief to surrender to the whites, holding on long past his contemporaries.
15. It offered farmers education, fellowship, and support. It gave them things such as libraries, social gatherings, and cooperatives.
16. They supported shorter work days, free silver, private companies owning the railroad and telegraph lines, limiting presidency and vice presidency to a single term, secret ballots, and electing senators directly, and a national income tax.
17. People set up boomtowns (like Skagway!) near gold fields as a place for miners to live while they searched for gold. They also set up towns along the railroad to run railway stations for gold and goods and people to pass through.
18. The railroad was able to transport cattle to places they wouldn't have been able to go otherwise. This allowed ranchers to be able to make money off of their cattle by selling them to people in places where there wasn't cattle.
19. The banks were charging them astronomical interest on their loans. The price they could sell their crops for was getting lower and lower, but the price they paid for equipment and seeds and things stayed at the same high place. They were consistently going into debt and being unable to get themelves out until they had to sell their farms or go bankrupt.
20.

• The movement of whites onto Native American lands, and the slaughter of buffalo.
• The United States Army attacked Indians a bunch.
• The Reservation Policy forced Indians into small, unfarmable plots of land.

21. Montana.
22. North.
23. They lived in the Arizona territory.

Chapter 16

1. The blockade was an offensive move used by the union.


2. Blockade runners were Confederate ships, and were often ironclad, or covered in iron. 


3. There were 4 border states that allowed slavery and remained in the Union. 


4. Being drafted was a law that required men between the ages of 18 and 35 to serve in the army for three years, and Habeas Corpus was a law that guaranteed accused individuals the right to a hearing before being jailed. 

5. 1861-1865

6. The Confederates had strong support from their people, leadership, and a home-field advantage.

7. Confederates- Jefferson Davis     Union- Abraham Lincoln

8. Clara Barton was U.S. patent office clerk who collected provisions for the union army. In 1862 she delivered food right to the frontlines and helped the wounded and dying. Delivered much needed medical supplies. Showed courage and organized the Red Cross.   


9. Prevents them from getting supplies. 


10. The Union won and it was their first big win which became a huge turning point for the war. 


11. "..All persons held as slaves within any state...in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.." It was a decision to free all enslaved African Americans in the south. It applied only to areas that the confederact controlled, but it didn't actually free anyone. However, he hoped that knowledge of it would encourage them to run away from their slave holders. 


12. In the south slaves worked on plantations and in mines while the white men were off fighting in the war. They weren't allowed to be enlisted into the war at first because of the fear of arming them and having them rebel. Later on however they were able to join the ranks of the rest of the southerners. The Northern slaves were able to enlist a lot earlier than those in the South which gave them an upper hand. 


13. Most of the war was fought in the South which the southerners used a lot of the resources they had. Their lands and farms were destroyed, railroads were torn up, people lost their homes, and goods were a lot harder to obtain. 


14.  They were free to go home if Confederate soldiers were to lay down their arms.


15. They disagreed with Virginia's secession from the Union so in 1861, 48 counties organized the state of West Virginia who decided to stay part of the Union. 


16. The North wanted to control the river because it would split the Confederacy and make it weaker. It would also restricted them from getting or sending supplies. The South wanted to keep control of the Mississippi River so the flow of supplies back and forth across the river was their advantage. 


17. Just like the North and South, African Americans had reasons for fighting in the war and that was freedom. The Civil War had a lot of casualties and so the more people you had on your side the better chances you had of winning. 


18. General Lee was an unpredictable general who was an amazing strategist. Many people would have thought his ideas were crazy but they seemed to work. He respected his men the way he wanted to be respected so they were able to work together and get things done. 


19. 


Attack on Fort Sumter -- 1861 -- Confederate victory and the official beginning of the Civil War.


Monitor v. Merrimack -- 1862 -- It marked a new age in naval warfare because it was the first battle between two metal- covered ships. Both the Confederates and the Union claimed their victory. 


Emancipation Proclamation Act -- 1863 -- It freed millions of slaves. It proved that we were fighting for their freedom. 


Lincoln is reelected -- 1864 -- the Emancipation Proclamation Act was the big reason he was reelected. The Confederates weren't too happy about it yet he still won by more than the average votes. This helped the push for the Confederates to join the Union. 


Appromattox Court House -- 1865-- The final battle in the Civil War, and Lee was allowed to take his men home as long as they lay down their weapons. 


20. Cemetery Ridge


21. Ewell


22. Longstreet, Picket, Lee, Hill, and Ewell 

I Don't Know Much About History

1) Why does the author suggest that John Brown had a sense of humor?

When President Buchanan put a price of $20 on his head, Brown responded with a bounty of two dollars and fifty cents of Buchanan’s.

2)What was John Brown's plan?

Brown’s plan was to march south, arm the slaves who would flock to his crusade, and establish a black republic in the Appalachians to wage war against the slaveholding south.

3) Why did John Brown become a symbol?

He became a symbol because he was thought to be a martyr ‘in a just cause’. People overlooked his craziness and instead glorified him. Thoreau compared Brown to Christ, and Emerson wrote that Brown’s hanging would “make the gallows as glorious as the cross.”

4)When and why did South Carolina succeed from the Union?

Within days of Lincoln’s election in 1860 was when South Carolina legislature voted to secede from the Union.

5)List some of the advantages of the North at the beginning of the war. List some of the advantages of the South at the beginning of the war.

North: Had more states which were occupied by more people who were able to work at more factories. The North had more railroad, bank deposits, and gold specie’s. The outproduced the South in agricultural products and livestock holdings. The railroads helped them increase their wartime supplies and ship them efficiently.

South: There home-field advantage - familiarity with terrain, popular partisan support, and the motivation of defending the homeland. The U.S army was mainly led by the Southerners who backed them (the Northern leaders were from Urban areas who spoke little to no English). They were for the most part better riders, more at home with weaponry, and showed a greater martial spirit.

6) List some of the (5) famous battles of the Civil War with a brief description of each.

Battle of Bull Run: In Virginia, Confederate armies under General Joseph E. Johnston and Beaurard rout Union Troops. Confederate General Thomas J. Jackson was given the nickname ‘Stonewall’ for his leadership of the stand made by his troops that turned the tide of the battle. After this war the Congress passed the first income-tax law, and enlistment periods increased from three months to two years. 


Second Battle of Bull Run: Confederate Generals Lee, Jackson, and James Longstreet defeat Union forces under General John Pope forcing Union troops to evacuate all the way back to Washington. The Confederates pushed the Union armies from the gates of Richmond all the way back to the Union capital. 


Battle of Antietam: (Sharpsburg, Maryland) McClellan anticipates Lee’s strategy when he takes the offensive after Pope’s retreat. The dead and wounded exceed 10,000 for both sides on the bloodiest day of the battle when McClellan’s Union forces meet Lee’s advancing army. Lee pulls back but McClellan doesn’t pursue the retreating Confederate army. The battle was a critical turning point when Lee’s offensive stalled. Battle of 


Fredericksburg: (Virginia) General Burnside’s Union troops are routed by Lee with severe casualties, losing 12,000 to the Confederates 5,000.


Battle of Chancellorsville: (Virginia) Losses for both sides exceed 10,000 men. Lee’s army defeats Hooker’s Army of the Potomac. Stonewall Jackson’s decisions forces the Union to withdrawal. He was mistakenly shot by a Confederate soldier and died of pneumonia on May 10, costing the Confederates one of their most effective field generals. 


Battle of Gettysburg: Confederate troops in search for shoes meet up with a detachment of Union cavalry. In three days of fighting was the final turning point of the war. The Union army takes a strong defensive position and turns back repeated Confederate assaults. Confederate losses reach 28,000 killed, wounded, or missing, a third of the army’s effective strength, to the Union’s 23,000. Lee retreats to Virginia, and Lincoln wants the remnants of the Confederate army destroyed, ending the war. 


Battle of Chickamauga: (Georgia) Union armies are defeated by Confederates under General Braxton Bragg. Casualties are extremely high for both sides: Confederates-18,000, Union-16,000. The Union army retreats to Chattanooga.

7) How do you view Lincoln's suspension of "the writ of habeas corpus"?

I disagree with it because Lincoln made it while the congress was out of session, and there weren't really any good reason for it. It made it okay to detain thousands without firm charges and due process of the law. 

8) What if Lee's plan had not been found at the battle of Antiem?

If Lee's plan hadn't been found out and been given to McClennan the South probably would have won not only the battle of Antiem but also the whole Civil War.

9) What was the reconstruction?

It was a to rebuild the South and allow them to be apart of the Union. It would readmit states after they had ratified the thirteenth amendment. The Southern states were to accept the fourteenth amendment, and adopt the beliefs of the northern states. It allowed blacks to be apart of voting and politics. 

10) Why did the Klu Klux Klan form?

It was white southerns that rebelled against the reconstruction of colored people being able to be apart of politics. They frightened not only colored people but also white politicians. 

11) Discuss Andrew Johnson's impeachment.

He challenged the law's constitutionality, and tried to dismiss War Secretary Edwin M. Stanton, an ally of the Radical Republicans. The House promptly impeached him: he was the first president to ever be impeached. Under Article II section 4 of the constitution the president may be impeached if they are convicted of briber, treason or other high crimes.

Chapter 12

Chapter 12

1) What was Manifest Destiny? Manifest Destiny is the idea that the US was meant to extend its borders from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. We should spread freedom by occupying the entire continent.
2) The Oregon Territory consisted of what area? Who claimed it? Oregon, Washington, Idaho, parts of Montana and Wyoming, half of British Columbia. Four nations owned it: US, Great Britain, Spain, and Russia.
3) Who were the Mountain Men? American adventurers who spent most of their time in the Rocky Mountains and helped with the fur trade. Some worked for specific companies while others sold their furs to the highest bidder. Some of them married Native women and adopted Native ways, creating a mixed race.
4) Why was the Oregon Trail important? It was the only way to achieve Manifest Destiny. It was the trail to the American Dream. It allowed us to fulfill our 'duty from God' to go west, populate the country, and spread freedom.
5) Discuss the meaning behind the slogan "Fifty-Four Forty or Fight"? It refers to the line of latitude that Democrats believed should be the nation's northern border in Oregon, which was a campaign slogan used during the 1844 election. The border was eventually settled at latitude 49.
6) James Polk made what promises to the American public during the election of 1844 (list four - you might need to look up on the internet). He made four promises during his campaign: to acquire California from Mexico, to settle the Oregon dispute, to lower the tariff and create a sub-treasury, and to not run for a second term.
7) Discuss how Texas became independent. In 1819 the US gave up claims to Texas with the Adams-Onis Treaty. Very few people lived in Texas. In 1830 the Mexican government stopped all immigration to Texas from the United States, and US Texans were very angry. Santa Anna, Mexican President, declared himself a dictator. The US Texans banded together with volunteers and they fought. And they liberated San Antonio. During the Alamo, American settlers and the Tejanos declared independence and started to write a Declaration and Constitution.
8) Discuss the battles of The Alamo and San Jacinto. Santa Anna marched forth to take back San Antonio, and found the Texans barricaded inside The Alamo Mission. It was poor leadership and a few men against Santa Anna's army of several thousand. The Alamo defenders help Santa Anna's army away against 2 attacks. Later, Mexicans launched an all-out attack while the Texans defended nobly, but the Mexicans were just too numerous to be defeated. San Jacinto was between Houston and Santa Anna. Houston had about 900 in his army, while Santa Anna had about 1300. Houston's army killed about half of Santa Anna's army, and captured the rest including Santa Anna. A few days later, Santa Anna recognized the independence of Texas.
9) How long did it take the U.S. to annex Texas? Why? It took the US nine years to annex Texas. Andrew Jackson, president at the time, refused to annex Texas. He did this because the addition of another slave state would upset the balance of free and slave states in Congress. Van Buren after him also didn't want to annex Texas. John Tyler, president after Harrison, finally supported Texas, but it didn't work. Only James K. Polk was finally able to get Texas annexed.
10) How did the Mexican-American War start? Why did it start? Was it a "Just War"? Mexico had control of New Mexico as a condition of it's independence. American traders were welcomed into New Mexico. Americans began settling in New Mexico as it was a hot trade area, but they wanted it for themselves, and California as well. California and New Mexico, meanwhile, began being more and more populated by Mexican peoples. President Polk twice offered to buy California and New Mexico, but Mexico refused, prompting the US to take the territories by force. To begin the war, the US built a fort in disputed border land between Mexico and Texas. This forced Mexico to attack first, making Congress believe that war would be a just retaliation. We think it was technically a just war, because the Mexicans did attack first. However, we believe the spirit of the war was unjust, because we basically forced them to attack first so we would have a reason to declare war.
11) What was the American response to the war? Americans were divided over the war. Democrats generally supported it, while Whigs generally opposed it. Whigs believed that the war was aggressive and unjust, disgraceful and cruel, and demanded to know exact reasons and the beginning of the war. Anti-war feeling grew over time, particularly in the north. This was because they believed that the South would spread slavery into any new states.
12) List the major battles of the war. The battle at Santa Fe was major, because it was the capital of Mexico. Even though there wasn't technically a battle, it still counts. The other major battles were the Bear Flag Revolt, battle of Monterey, battle of San Gabriel, battle of San Pasqual (the only Mexican victory), battle of El Brazito, battle of Sacramento, battle of Monterrey, battle of Buena Vista, battle of Cerro Gordo, and the battle of Mexico City.
13) What was the cost of the war? The war cost America 1,721 men to battle, more than 11,00 men to disease, and almost $100 million. We then paid Mexico an additional $25 million during treaty discussions.
14) Why was the California Gold Rush important? Californian cities, and cities on the way, benefitted from the economic boom. California's population grew greatly, and developed an amazing economy due to boom towns. The gold rush also more than doubled the world's supply of gold, a very valuable commodity at the time. The effect on California's economy lasted a long time after the gold rush ended. The population grew, requiring better government. It urged California to apply for statehood, which it gained about a year later.
15) Answer the following questions on page 380 - #6 - #10, #13-#15.

• 6. They agreed about the northern latitude of Oregon, for ownership purposes. It ended up being on latitude 49.
• 7. He was afraid to disrupt the balance of slave and free states.
• 8. It gave them a direct line to the Pacific Ocean. There were still British people settled in the territories above California.
• 9. The US wanted New Mexico and California, and Mexico refused to sell. The other reason was that the US set up Mexico to attack them (by building a fort) so they could justify a war.
• 10. People found gold and they would use it. They also had a monopoly on the sales because they were the only merchants there.
• 13. It expanded the US west, all the way to the Pacific Ocean.
• 14. They probably thought the US was just greedy and wanted all the land they could get because they were selfish. They wanted to keep their own land in North America.
• 15. The ones between the US and Britain had a favorable outcome for everyone because they came to an agreement. Whereas the ones with the US and Mexico led to war because they couldn't agree.
  

Study Questions For Final Chapter 9

1) Discuss the significance of Thomas Jefferson's quote: "A little rebellion now and then is a good thing...God forbid that we should ever be twenty year without such a rebellion...The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants."
    A little rebellion now and then is a good thing and it proves that freedom is limited. He’s one of the main people in the government yet he says it’s alright for people to rebel against sometimes.

2) Why did Shay's Rebellion happen?
    It started because the government was excessively taxing the people who couldn’t pay off their debt or pay taxes alone.

3) The constitution is "a political creation, hammered together in a series of artfully negotiated compromises. Discuss these compromises.
    The slaves (3/5 compromise), how presidents are elected, and how everyone is represented in congress.

4) What was the Virginia Plan?
    The Virginia plan key points were a bicameral (two chamber) legislature; an executive chosen by the legislature; a judiciary also named by the legislature.

5) "No person held in service" was a euphemism for what?
     It was a euphemism for slaves.

6) List the basic Powers and Checks of the three branches of the government.
    The three branches of government are the Executive, the Legislative, and the Judicial. The Executive branch is basically the President of the United States, whose powers are directing the government, commanding the armed forces, dealing with foreign powers, and vetoing laws. The Legislative branch is the Congress. The powers include passing laws, originating spending bills (House), impeaching officials (Senate), and approving treaties (Senate). The Judicial branch is our justice system which is headed by the Supreme Court. Its powers are interpreting the Constitution, reviewing laws, and deciding states' rights. The Executive branch can check the Legislative by vetoing laws or other decisions made. The Legislative can check the Executive right back by overriding the veto. The Judicial is the giant law enforcement system who can govern the other two branches, but is also subject to laws made by them.

7) Who wrote the Federalist Papers and why did they write them?
    Hamilton, Madison, and John Jay. They were trying to influence the ratification debate.

8) Briefly outline the first ten amendments.

• 1. Freedom of speech, religion, and the press, and the freedom peacefully demonstrate.
• 2. Right to form a militia and bear arms in a sovereign state.
• 3. Protection from having to quarter troops.
• 4. Protection of privacy and from unreasonable search/seizure.
• 5. Protects your right to due process, covers double jeopardy and self-incrimination.
• 6. Discusses trial by jury and the rights of the accused, the confrontation clause, and right to a speedy and public trial and right to competent counsel.
• 7. Civil trial by jury
• 8. Prohibits excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment.
• 9. Protects all rights that are not specifically talked about in the Constitution.
  
• 10. Discusses the power of states and of the people.

9) Who could vote in the first election (what parts of the population)?
    Only white wealthy men who owned a certain amount of land were allowed to vote.

10) How did Washington D.C. come be located on the banks of the Potomac?
    It was an agreement because they wanted it to be close to Virginia because it was the biggest state.
Jefferson, Madison and Hamilton made the compromise.

11) What did Jay's Treaty do?
    It was a treaty to avoid war with the British.

12) What was the "Whiskey Rebellion" and how was it put down?
    It was a response to harsh whiskey taxes, and the defeat against it was lead by Washington and 13,000 men. It was pathetic.

13) Describe the election of 1800? How was it finally resolved?
    It was supposed to be between Jefferson and Adams but instead it was Jefferson and Burr of the same party. It was resolved because he convinced one of the federalists to change their vote. He hated Burr way more than he did Jefferson.

14) Who was John Marshall?
       John Marshall was a judge who shaped American Constitutional law and made the Supreme Court what it is today, he gave it power.

15) Why did France sell its North America possessions (the Louisiana territory) to the U.S.?
      They sold it because they were fighting Britain in Europe and other places in the world, so they didn't really have the resources to hold the Louisiana Territory, especially after losing Haiti.

16) What did Lewis and Clark do? Describe their journey?
     They started from St. Louis and continued west. They had been sent by Jefferson to get into the fur trade and see if the west could be useful in the military defense of America. They were sent to inventory resources and chart the land for future exploration. It took them three years.


17) How did Hamilton incur the wrath of Aaron Burr? Was he right in what he did? How did the ordeal end?
    He argued that Jefferson should win the election, and he did. He also spread rumors about Burr so that he wouldn't become governor of New York. Hamilton was right in arguing for Jefferson, but he crossed the line when he spread rumors about Burr. He had the right to argue for or against whatever candidate he wanted to, but he shouldn't have spread lies. It ended in a duel, because Burr slapped Hamilton with a glove, but Hamilton wasted his shot because he didn't believe in fighting.


18) What was Jefferson's Embargo Act? Why was it unpopular and what was it suppose to do?
    It was a law restricting American ships from engaging in foreign trade. It was unpopular because a lot of trade was done with Britain and other major powers, so it lowered the American economy and made it so a large part of their trade was shut down. It was supposed to avoid war, but instead it led to the War of 1812.

19) What did Tecumseh try and do?
     He tried to unite the Native Americans from Michigan all the way down to Alabama against the encroaching settlers in order to fight off western expansion.


20) Describe the Battle of Tippecanoe?
    It was between U.S. forces and the Native American Confederation. The Natives kept threatening the Americans with war if they didn't back off, and so the Americans attacked first. The Americans won but they has a lot of casualties.


21) Most historians call the War of 1812 a draw. Why?
     It wasn't really fought for a purpose. Neither side was passionate about their side or had a big reason to fight. The treaty at the end of the war basically puts things back the way they were, and nobody gains anything from it, at least not anything new.


22) Describe the Battle of New Orleans.
    Final major battle of the war of 1812. Regarded as the greatest American land victory of the war. Andrew Jackson defeated the British.

23) What did the Monroe Doctrine state?
    The Americas were no longer open to European colonization, and that America would be the only power threat.

24) What was the Missouri Compromise?
    The Missouri Compromise said that all states above a certain latitude would remain slave free, except Missouri. All states below the latitude could still own slaves.

25) How was the election of 1824 decided? Why was it called a "corrupt bargain"?
    It was decided in the House of Representatives. It was the only election since the passage of the 12th amendment that was decided this way because there was no majority in the electoral college.

26) List some of the labels attached to Andrew Jackson.
    Slave owner, murderer, adulterer, orphan, frontiersman, horse racing man, Indian-fighter, war hero, land speculator.


27) Was Andrew Jackson an Indian hater? What did the natives call him? What "Indian Wars" did he fight in and what was the outcome? What was his native "policy" as President?
    Andrew Jackson was not an Indian hater, he just wanted land, and the Indians had it. He wasn't the biggest fan of their people, but racism wasn't his driving motivation. He was called 'long knife'. He fought in the Creek War and the white people won that won, removing the Creek from half of their lands. He fought against the Seminoles, which he also won, and Florida's land was sold cheap. He also fought in the war of 1812, which is now considered a draw. His 'policy' as president was to tell the Natives either assimilate, leave, or get killed.

28) How did Jackson come to symbolize the common people?
    He worked his way up from being very poor to being extremely rich and in a position of power. 

Constitution Study Questions

1) What are the three branches of government and what are the powers of each?

1. Legislative Branch: It's the lawmaking branch. Congress is composed of the House of Representatives and the Senate. Representatives were based on the population because of the Great Compromise. Each state had two senators. The congresses powers were to collect taxes, coin money, regulate trade, and declare war or 'raise and support armies'.

2. Executive Branch: It was lead by the president who carried out the nations laws and policies. He serves as commander in chief of the armed forces and conducts relations with foreign countries. The president and the vice president are elected by a special group called the Electoral College which is made up of presidential electors. Each state gets to choose their electors to cast their vote, and each state has many because they have senators and representatives in Congress. The president elected serves a four year term.

3. Judicial Branch:  The court system. They take care of cases involving the Constitution, laws passed by the Congress, and disputes between states. 'One supreme court'

2) How can these branches check and balance each other?

It had to do with the separation of powers; the constitution divides government power among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. So not one branch gained more power than another, they built a system of Checks and Balances. The three branches have roles that check or limit the others so that no single branch can dominate the other. Both the Senate and the House have to pass the bill for it to become a law, and the president can check Congress by vetoing the bill. The Congress however can override the president's veto by having two-thirds of members from both houses of Congress vote for the bill. 

It also applies to the supreme court where the president appoints Supreme Court justices and they Senate must approve the appointments. 

3) What were the compromises to the constitution?

     1. Two-House Legislature (had to do with population)

     2. The three-fifths compromise- They counted each enslaved person for 3/5 the amount of a free person for both taxation and representation. 

     3. Northern states agreed tat the Congress could not interfere with the slave trade for 20 years or util 1808. 

    4. A Bill of Rights had to be made so the government didn't abuse their power. Most of the delegates thought the constitution was enough so the proposal was turned down. 

4) Who wrote the Federalist papers?

Hamilton, Madison, and John Jay.

5) What was the Bill of Rights? Why did some states demand its inclusion before they ratified the constitution?

The bill of rights was to protect individual freedoms. The antifederalists were the main people that wanted it because they believed that no government could be trusted to protect the freedom of the citizens. They feared oppression and the amount of power that the government would get.  

6) What were the anti-federalists main fears about the constitution?

They thought that the Constitution would take away their liberties Americans had fought to win from Great Britain. They also believed that it would create a strong central government that would be led by a small educated group of people. Another argument was that it might ignore the will of the states and the people, and favor the wealthy few over the common people. They didn't like that the governments control wasn't close to their people.