Study Questions For Final Chapter 9

1) Discuss the significance of Thomas Jefferson's quote: "A little rebellion now and then is a good thing...God forbid that we should ever be twenty year without such a rebellion...The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants."
    A little rebellion now and then is a good thing and it proves that freedom is limited. He’s one of the main people in the government yet he says it’s alright for people to rebel against sometimes.

2) Why did Shay's Rebellion happen?
    It started because the government was excessively taxing the people who couldn’t pay off their debt or pay taxes alone.

3) The constitution is "a political creation, hammered together in a series of artfully negotiated compromises. Discuss these compromises.
    The slaves (3/5 compromise), how presidents are elected, and how everyone is represented in congress.

4) What was the Virginia Plan?
    The Virginia plan key points were a bicameral (two chamber) legislature; an executive chosen by the legislature; a judiciary also named by the legislature.

5) "No person held in service" was a euphemism for what?
     It was a euphemism for slaves.

6) List the basic Powers and Checks of the three branches of the government.
    The three branches of government are the Executive, the Legislative, and the Judicial. The Executive branch is basically the President of the United States, whose powers are directing the government, commanding the armed forces, dealing with foreign powers, and vetoing laws. The Legislative branch is the Congress. The powers include passing laws, originating spending bills (House), impeaching officials (Senate), and approving treaties (Senate). The Judicial branch is our justice system which is headed by the Supreme Court. Its powers are interpreting the Constitution, reviewing laws, and deciding states' rights. The Executive branch can check the Legislative by vetoing laws or other decisions made. The Legislative can check the Executive right back by overriding the veto. The Judicial is the giant law enforcement system who can govern the other two branches, but is also subject to laws made by them.

7) Who wrote the Federalist Papers and why did they write them?
    Hamilton, Madison, and John Jay. They were trying to influence the ratification debate.

8) Briefly outline the first ten amendments.

• 1. Freedom of speech, religion, and the press, and the freedom peacefully demonstrate.
• 2. Right to form a militia and bear arms in a sovereign state.
• 3. Protection from having to quarter troops.
• 4. Protection of privacy and from unreasonable search/seizure.
• 5. Protects your right to due process, covers double jeopardy and self-incrimination.
• 6. Discusses trial by jury and the rights of the accused, the confrontation clause, and right to a speedy and public trial and right to competent counsel.
• 7. Civil trial by jury
• 8. Prohibits excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment.
• 9. Protects all rights that are not specifically talked about in the Constitution.
  
• 10. Discusses the power of states and of the people.

9) Who could vote in the first election (what parts of the population)?
    Only white wealthy men who owned a certain amount of land were allowed to vote.

10) How did Washington D.C. come be located on the banks of the Potomac?
    It was an agreement because they wanted it to be close to Virginia because it was the biggest state.
Jefferson, Madison and Hamilton made the compromise.

11) What did Jay's Treaty do?
    It was a treaty to avoid war with the British.

12) What was the "Whiskey Rebellion" and how was it put down?
    It was a response to harsh whiskey taxes, and the defeat against it was lead by Washington and 13,000 men. It was pathetic.

13) Describe the election of 1800? How was it finally resolved?
    It was supposed to be between Jefferson and Adams but instead it was Jefferson and Burr of the same party. It was resolved because he convinced one of the federalists to change their vote. He hated Burr way more than he did Jefferson.

14) Who was John Marshall?
       John Marshall was a judge who shaped American Constitutional law and made the Supreme Court what it is today, he gave it power.

15) Why did France sell its North America possessions (the Louisiana territory) to the U.S.?
      They sold it because they were fighting Britain in Europe and other places in the world, so they didn't really have the resources to hold the Louisiana Territory, especially after losing Haiti.

16) What did Lewis and Clark do? Describe their journey?
     They started from St. Louis and continued west. They had been sent by Jefferson to get into the fur trade and see if the west could be useful in the military defense of America. They were sent to inventory resources and chart the land for future exploration. It took them three years.


17) How did Hamilton incur the wrath of Aaron Burr? Was he right in what he did? How did the ordeal end?
    He argued that Jefferson should win the election, and he did. He also spread rumors about Burr so that he wouldn't become governor of New York. Hamilton was right in arguing for Jefferson, but he crossed the line when he spread rumors about Burr. He had the right to argue for or against whatever candidate he wanted to, but he shouldn't have spread lies. It ended in a duel, because Burr slapped Hamilton with a glove, but Hamilton wasted his shot because he didn't believe in fighting.


18) What was Jefferson's Embargo Act? Why was it unpopular and what was it suppose to do?
    It was a law restricting American ships from engaging in foreign trade. It was unpopular because a lot of trade was done with Britain and other major powers, so it lowered the American economy and made it so a large part of their trade was shut down. It was supposed to avoid war, but instead it led to the War of 1812.

19) What did Tecumseh try and do?
     He tried to unite the Native Americans from Michigan all the way down to Alabama against the encroaching settlers in order to fight off western expansion.


20) Describe the Battle of Tippecanoe?
    It was between U.S. forces and the Native American Confederation. The Natives kept threatening the Americans with war if they didn't back off, and so the Americans attacked first. The Americans won but they has a lot of casualties.


21) Most historians call the War of 1812 a draw. Why?
     It wasn't really fought for a purpose. Neither side was passionate about their side or had a big reason to fight. The treaty at the end of the war basically puts things back the way they were, and nobody gains anything from it, at least not anything new.


22) Describe the Battle of New Orleans.
    Final major battle of the war of 1812. Regarded as the greatest American land victory of the war. Andrew Jackson defeated the British.

23) What did the Monroe Doctrine state?
    The Americas were no longer open to European colonization, and that America would be the only power threat.

24) What was the Missouri Compromise?
    The Missouri Compromise said that all states above a certain latitude would remain slave free, except Missouri. All states below the latitude could still own slaves.

25) How was the election of 1824 decided? Why was it called a "corrupt bargain"?
    It was decided in the House of Representatives. It was the only election since the passage of the 12th amendment that was decided this way because there was no majority in the electoral college.

26) List some of the labels attached to Andrew Jackson.
    Slave owner, murderer, adulterer, orphan, frontiersman, horse racing man, Indian-fighter, war hero, land speculator.


27) Was Andrew Jackson an Indian hater? What did the natives call him? What "Indian Wars" did he fight in and what was the outcome? What was his native "policy" as President?
    Andrew Jackson was not an Indian hater, he just wanted land, and the Indians had it. He wasn't the biggest fan of their people, but racism wasn't his driving motivation. He was called 'long knife'. He fought in the Creek War and the white people won that won, removing the Creek from half of their lands. He fought against the Seminoles, which he also won, and Florida's land was sold cheap. He also fought in the war of 1812, which is now considered a draw. His 'policy' as president was to tell the Natives either assimilate, leave, or get killed.

28) How did Jackson come to symbolize the common people?
    He worked his way up from being very poor to being extremely rich and in a position of power. 

Constitution Study Questions

1) What are the three branches of government and what are the powers of each?

1. Legislative Branch: It's the lawmaking branch. Congress is composed of the House of Representatives and the Senate. Representatives were based on the population because of the Great Compromise. Each state had two senators. The congresses powers were to collect taxes, coin money, regulate trade, and declare war or 'raise and support armies'.

2. Executive Branch: It was lead by the president who carried out the nations laws and policies. He serves as commander in chief of the armed forces and conducts relations with foreign countries. The president and the vice president are elected by a special group called the Electoral College which is made up of presidential electors. Each state gets to choose their electors to cast their vote, and each state has many because they have senators and representatives in Congress. The president elected serves a four year term.

3. Judicial Branch:  The court system. They take care of cases involving the Constitution, laws passed by the Congress, and disputes between states. 'One supreme court'

2) How can these branches check and balance each other?

It had to do with the separation of powers; the constitution divides government power among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. So not one branch gained more power than another, they built a system of Checks and Balances. The three branches have roles that check or limit the others so that no single branch can dominate the other. Both the Senate and the House have to pass the bill for it to become a law, and the president can check Congress by vetoing the bill. The Congress however can override the president's veto by having two-thirds of members from both houses of Congress vote for the bill. 

It also applies to the supreme court where the president appoints Supreme Court justices and they Senate must approve the appointments. 

3) What were the compromises to the constitution?

     1. Two-House Legislature (had to do with population)

     2. The three-fifths compromise- They counted each enslaved person for 3/5 the amount of a free person for both taxation and representation. 

     3. Northern states agreed tat the Congress could not interfere with the slave trade for 20 years or util 1808. 

    4. A Bill of Rights had to be made so the government didn't abuse their power. Most of the delegates thought the constitution was enough so the proposal was turned down. 

4) Who wrote the Federalist papers?

Hamilton, Madison, and John Jay.

5) What was the Bill of Rights? Why did some states demand its inclusion before they ratified the constitution?

The bill of rights was to protect individual freedoms. The antifederalists were the main people that wanted it because they believed that no government could be trusted to protect the freedom of the citizens. They feared oppression and the amount of power that the government would get.  

6) What were the anti-federalists main fears about the constitution?

They thought that the Constitution would take away their liberties Americans had fought to win from Great Britain. They also believed that it would create a strong central government that would be led by a small educated group of people. Another argument was that it might ignore the will of the states and the people, and favor the wealthy few over the common people. They didn't like that the governments control wasn't close to their people. 

Chapter 5 Zinn

Throughout chapter five, it discusses the differences in social class, and depending basically on race and wealth it was decided your roll in the war. White men had the biggest advantage of all, but even white farmers who were in debt that went to war to get out of it weren't helped. Because white farmers were less wealthy, they took bigger parts in battles, and usually ended up in debt anyway when they returned home. White men who fought in the war were usually there because of their status in it, and wanted to oppress the people in poverty. This left the battling and sacrificing up to the poor who were just looking for a way out. Black people weren't allowed to join the army unless they were in the North. Indians, women, and black people had no say in anything when it came to the colonies, especially when it came time to write the constitution. The war was global, and it didn't change anything for those who needed it, it just helped and influenced the white men.   

History Questions... kinda.

1) What rebel leaders does Paul Revere ride at midnight to warn?
    He went to warm the captain of the minutemen, Samuel Adams, and John Hancock of the British troops heading for concord because the militia had weapons and started gathering themselves. He warned all his friends and houses all the way to Lexington.

2) In detail, describe how the battle of Concord looked?
    It looked as if they were fighting against each other. The rebels and British fought against each other.

3) Why was the Revolutionary War the most important event in U.S. History?
    It was a global war. It created the nation and allowed us to break off of Britain. It gave us beliefs in the constitution as well. 

4) How many cities over 10,000 where there in America at the time of the Revolution?
    4 cities

5) Describe the country before the Revolutionary War? Why might not we, in the 21st century, recognize it?
    The country before only had a few million people spanned out in land. The people enjoyed their freedom, and living was cheap, society was fluid, and the social ladder was short. Wealth was the key to the movement up the ladder, and it wasn’t hard to rise.
    We can’t recognize it now because things aren’t that simple, living isn’t cheap, and our society has hundreds of arguable problems.

6) Why was James Otis important?
    James Otis was a lawyer who’s writings were an inspiration to Samuel Adams. He was the voice, where James was the mind.

7) What was Samuel Adams known for?
    He organized a political group called the Son’s of Liberty, and was the leader of Boston’s protests. He was a leader in the Revolutionary War.

8) Describe the Patriotic Leaders.
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9) What percent of the population, according to John Adams, wanted liberty?
    One third?

10) Discuss how the events of the Boston Massacre and the Boston Tea Party lead to the Revolutionary War.
    The Boston Massacre and the Boston Tea Party both caused an uprising, and it attracted attention to the Americans. I was a revolt against the British government and the taxes, and because of revolting it went from a smaller deal into a bigger problem.

History Part 3

1) How did the French and Indian War turn into a World Conflict? How did this affect North America?
    The war was fueled by the want of land, and because everyone wanted the same places, it was a world conflict. It affected North America because there was never really a place that was owned by one country for a long period of time.

2) How do the British treat Washington when he asks for a Royal Commission? Why do they turn him down?
He didn’t have many successful battles, only the one that helped trigger the war. Because he had little success they didn’t think he needed a promotion, and instead laughed at him and sent him off.

3) How doe Pitt's policies change the colonists attitudes toward the war?
    By granting the colonists most of what they want, he changes their attitude towards the war in a positive way.

4) Describe the Battle of Ticonderoga?
    Montcalm is outnumbered by thousands of men, but still defeats General Abercrombie by building defenses that make England’s job harder. Montcalm easy defeats the English, and only a few of his men died. Getting supplies is crucial to Montcalm’s men.

5) What was the western supply post for the French? How did it fall?
    All of Montcalm’s supplies were at that post, and when the English took it over, it ended up being a disaster.

6) Why is the St. Lawrence River important?
     The St. Lawrence River was like a highway that allowed an easy path through the dense forest and an easy route to get people from place to place. 

7) What are the reasons the natives leave the French side?
    1. General Forbes makes the relationship between the British and the Indians better, and helped destroy the relationship between the French and Indians.  Indians could make peace, or break peace when peace was made. Forbes anistaries promises the Natives that they just want to drive the French out.
    2. The French don’t help the Natives, and don’t give them the supplies to help them survive against diseases like smallpox.

8) Why do the Virginians (under Washington) and the Pennsylvanians clash over Forge's road? What does this say about the colonies?
    They made a mistake because it was foggy and they couldn’t determine who they were actually fighting against.

9) Pittsburg is named after who?
    Pittsborough a prime minister of Britain.

10) How do you feel about George Washington and his participation in the French and Indian War? Why?
I feel that George Washington didn’t have enough experience to lead people through battles and the war. He seemed to make things worse rather than make anything better.  He was even in battle against his own side. He’s lucky his bravery saved his career.

Questions Part 2

1) Why do only the Mohawk agree to fight with General Johnson?

It was a white man's war, no other native tribe wanted to sacrifice or shed the blood of their people.

2) What are the results of the Battle of Lake George?

The results of the Battle of Lake George was that the French retreated, and 150 French colonials died. The Mohawks went home to mourn their dead of about 30 warriors.

3) For what purposes did the Native Americans take captive? (List three)

    

       1. Weapon against intruders

       2. Ransom

       3. To replace warriors or family members killed in battle

4) Why is the story of Mary Jemison presented? What purpose does it serve?

Mary Jemison's story was presented because it showed what happened to some of the people taken by the natives, and what they had to go through. Her family was killed and left behind, but she was taken back to their home to replace a diseased warrior. It was an example as to what happened to some of the people held as prisoners.

5) Do you agree with Washington's disciplinary practices on deserters? Why or why not?

I think the idea of wanting his warriors to be the best of his time is a good goal to go for, but I think the way he tried to achieve it was kind of cruel. He wanted to scare his soldiers, but he could have just sent them into battle and had them be frightened there. The two men who didn't want to fight that were hung should have had a different punishment and sent on their way.

6) Who is Montcalm and why doesn't he like the Natives?

Molcalm was a French Commander who saw the Natives as savages. Trying to have them cooperate was problematic, but no matter how much he disliked them, he wanted to use them.

7) What are the Native Americans code of honor? How does this differ from the Europeans' Code of War?

The Natives were basically pillagers when it came to battle, they fought and collected valuables worth keeping or trading. Their captives were brought back to the village to take the place of the dead. The Europeans let the survivors go.

8) Discuss the culture clash that happens at Fort William Henry.

They considered a handful of different things disrespectful when the Europeans and French were involved because of their differences. When Montcalm didn't allow them to pillage anything from the dead, or take any survivors they became angry. The dinner between the British and French disregarding the Natives was rude, and that's how they felt. 

History Questions October 5

1) Why is George Washington partially responsible for the start of the French and Indian War?

George Washington was partially responsible for the start of the French and Indian War because he attached French soldiers that were just on a diplomatic mission. They surrendered within minutes, however, their Native alliances killed all the survivors. Later on, George Washington was captured and was forced to sign the terms of surrender, but it was in French so he couldn't read. It basically stated that he was responsible for the bloodbath before. 

2) Who was Half-King?

The Half-King was a negotiator who made an alliance with the British for trade. He was the leader of a tribe that killed the surrendered soldiers. 

3) Why did Half-King murder/massacre the French?

It was revenge for the French taking over the Forks of Ohio. He was embarrassed and killing the wounded  was him telling the French to back off.

4) Who was in the right? The French, The English or The Native Americans?

I think the people that were in the most right were the Native Americans because they weren't fighting over land, they were fighting to just keep their land and others off it. They may have helped trigger the war, but everything they did was for the better of their people and had reasons. 

History Questions Page 113 #1-6

1. England exported goods to sell to other countries to make money. North America where Connecticut and Rhode Island are were places that England liked to trade with. They were known as charter colonies that were established by settlers who had been given a charter or a grant of rights and privileges. They were able to elect their own government. Delaware, Maryland and Pennsylvania are colonies that are owned by someone called a Proprietary colony, and they are able to rule freely. Through cultures, work, and government there are apprentices who learn certain tasks. Eventually, England's literacy improved which meant they were able to read and write.

2. The family was very important to the colonial life. Women worked in the household as well as on the farm. They cooked for the men and children, and also spun yarn, made clothes, tended chickens and cows. Sometimes they also helped on the fields side to side with the working men.
Women still didn’t have any political rights like voting, but they were able to attend chuch meetings.

3. North America was viewed by Enland as an economic resource, and they provided them with raw materials. As trade grows, the nation will become more powerful. To become more powerful, England had to export more goods than imported. To make certain that only England benefited from trade with the colonies, they made the Navigation Act to direct the flow of goods between England and the colonies. The colonies got upset because they couldn't use foreign ships even if the ships offered cheaper rates. It also prevented the colonists from sending out certain products they couldn't obtain anymore outside of the England empire. It started to make the colonists less powerful.

4. Joh Peter Zenger’s wrote an article that was critical against the royal governor of New York. His case was judged by a jury, and Andrew Hamilton defended Zenger’s article because he believed that free speech was a basic right for English people. Andrew told the jury to base their decision on wether his article was true, not wether it was offensive.

5.The Great Awakening-->
RELIGION: The religions were spread-->all over America it was a religious revival and many new churches were formed.
EDUCATION: People began to become educated--> New England and Pennsylvania set up school systems to assure everyone could read.
FAMILY & CULTURE--> The people of the world are all equal in front of god.  

6. First Established by Stephan Daye in 1639. They probably communicated by sending letters, or just by word.

History Questions Page 106 #1-6

1. In New England, the population grew and when more and more people started immigrating to the colony finding food became difficult. Farming was the main economic activity, nut they were small, and were known as subsistent farming. This meant they produced only enough to meet the needs of their families with little left over to sell or exchange. New England was also a big part of trading, and they followed routes like the Triangular Trade that was formed like a triangle. Some of the other colonies, who had enough for themselves, traded crops known as cash crops that were sold easily.

2. The middle colonies economic activities included trading cash crops, wheat, and other cash crops. They also had industries where some were home-based crafts such as carpentry and flour making. Some other larger businesses were lumbering, mining, and small-scale manufacturing.

3. It helped New England trade things they had as natural resources to make up for the things they didn't like crops for their families. It also attracted people to try different things like shoemakers and blacksmiths.

4. (underlined is what is in common)
New England--> Farming was the main economic activity in all the colonies, but New England farms were smaller than those farther south. Long winters and thin, rocky soil made large-scale farming difficult. They practiced subsistence farming. Most Northern farmers relied on their children for labor.
Southern Colonies--> The Southern Colonies were well suited for farming with it's rich soil and a warm climate. They could cultivate large areas of land and produce harvests of cash crops. Most of the settlers made their living from farming the land so they didn't have the need to develop commerce or industry. Tobacco and rice were big crops in the Southern Colonies.

5. Their indentured servants became scarce and expensive, and because tobacco was such a big cash crop, it required a lot of labor. Enslaved Africans were cheap and helpful workman for their fields.

6. British Colonies-->Great Britain
rice tobacco, indigo, furs

West Indies-->British Colonies
goods

Comprehension Questions

Comprehension Questions:

#3.)The puritans wanted religious freedom, and land to set up colonies.

#4.) Puritans believed that placing settlements on land was the only way to actually own it. They babied their wives, and thought that the natives were lazy for making their wives do their work. Puritans believed that total war was the way to get rid of their enemies, or the natives.
Pequots didn't believe that you owned the land, they just used it for the time being. Men of the Pequot culture just went out and hunted so all the other work was left for their wives and woman. Pequots believed in peace, not genocide like the English. 

#5.) The Dutch who favored trade didn't live on the natives land, and wanted to keep the peace with them. The English were looking to place permanent settlements, they weren't looking to make friends. The Dutch's goals were to obviously succeed, and become more wealthy. The English wanted to control trade and have the land which was good for harvesting.

#12.) The massacre at the Mystic acceptable for the English to take over the natives land by war. This lead to many more problems between cultures.

Primary Source Exploration:

#1.) John Winthrop envisioned a gentle, understanding, and patient community that works together to survive. I think a colony of this standard would be possible if everyone tried to contribute, help and take care of each other.

#2.) God will be watching their community, and their city upon a hill is them standing out.

#3.) No, no one ever considered the natives equal, and instead used them and treated them inadequate. Winthrops visions was for peace and so the Puritans didn't uphold them.

Section 4 Assessment, Chapter 3 Pg 93

Pg. 93

1. Most successful colonies had constitutions that helped make different social classes more equal. The rich were always treated better, but after constitutions the slaves, indentured servants, and the poor had more rights. The people that were in debt, known as debtors, however gave people no reason to give them any respect. When tenant farmers came over they paid an annual rent and worked for an estate folder for a fixed number of days each year. Religion was a big deal, and missions tried to convert people to a specific one. If you didn't agree you'd be persecuted.

2. They had little interest in the large-scale settlement in North America. Their main concern was fishing and trapping animals for their fur.

3. She was brave and forceful, and was the first women lawyer in America. She put down a rebellion against Virginia even though she later moved there after demanding the government to give her two votes, one for herself as a landowner and one as Lord Baltimore's legal representative. She played a big roll in their government.

4. Bacon's rebellion gave other's the idea that if someone disagrees with the government or how it's being run, they are able to rebel against that. It shows that it's possible, so other troubles would surely come.

5. Spain controlled most of Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central and South America. They also expanded into the western and southern parts of America.
    France controlled Northern Canada.

6. Virginia had Norfolk.
    The main products in Georgia were indigo and rice.
    Charlestown was the major city in South Carolina.

Section 3 Assessment, Chapter 3 Pg 85

Pg. 85

1.) The early colonies and settlers all had their own ideas of religion which affected their government. New Amsterdam, which was eventually taken over by England, had patroons which were wealthy landowners who received land for bringing over 50 settlers. After they took over New Amsterdam, they renamed it New York, and ran it as a proprietary colony. New York was a place of ethnic and religious diversity, as was Pennsylvania. There, lived the Quakers who people saw as a threat to establish traditions. They were pacifists who were kind and refused to use force or fight in a wars.

2. Gave the colonists the right to elect representatives to the legislature assembly.

3. Penn believed that the land belonged to the Native Americans and that settlers should pay for it. He helped negotiate with the Native Americans in a civil manner.

4. The Quaker's believed that every individual had an 'inner light' that could guide them through salvation. They thought everyone was equal in God's eyes, and because of this they wouldn't bow to the king or queen. They were tolerant of other people's views, and were kind, and refused to fight in war or use force to harm others. The puritans thought that church services and officials were necessary when the  Quakers didn't.

5. New York had a Proprietary Colony which was where one man controlled the government.
    New Jersey had a representative assembly.
    North Pennsylvania was able to elect representatives to the legislative assembly.
    South Pennsylvania could form their own legislature.

6. THE MIDDLE COLONIES; grain, cattle, fish, lumber, rum, and iron.
       Grain, cattle, lumber, rum and iron were important to Pennsylvania.


  

A New Look At Christopher Columbus

  The controversial character of Christopher Columbus has been viewed by many different versions, including heroic, mythical, and gruesome stories. "In 1492, Christopher Columbus sailed the ocean blue," that's how children for centuries have learned who found the America's. How many stories actually tell the amount of natives they took for prisoners and how many died? "The Indians were given an impossible task. The only gold around was bits of dust garnered from the streams. So they fled, were hunted down with dogs, and were killed." None of this information was told or mentioned growing up.
   Christopher Columbus was a selfish opportunist who conned the queen and king of his land, his people, and exploited all the natives in the newfoundland. He judged different people according to their advancements and if they weren't as good as his, he'd use it as an advantage. "When you ask for something they have, they never say no. To the contrary, they offer to share with anyone.." The natives welcomed Columbus and his crew onto their land with gifts, food, and water. However, even being as kind as they were, he still captured, enslaved, and killed millions of Indians. He may have found America, but killing the natives to the land was wrong. Christopher is well-known for his expeditions and discovers, and all the savagery is recognized but "we have learned to bury it in a mass of other facts".